MBIO 2014 General Microbiology                                                                                               

Worksheet / Study Question No. 2B: Review of Organic Molecules

 

 

Name _______________________________ Date ________ Section _____

 

  1. How do the chemical characteristics of carbon affect the characteristics of organic molecules?

 

 

 

  1. Draw structural formulas for the six functional groups presented in chapter 3 of the textbook.  Beside each functional group briefly describe its significance in organic molecules and whether it displays hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. List the four major groups of organic macromolecules described in the textbook.  Which three of the groups are polymers?  What are the monomers making up each of the polymeric groups, respectively?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the general chemical process (reaction) that joins monomers together to make polymers?   What is the general chemical process (reaction) that breaks down polymers into monomers?

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. List several examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

 

 

 

 

 

  1. How does the structure of a phospholipid differ from that of a fat?  Explain how/why phospholipids form a bilayer in the presence of water. Use labeled diagrams to illustrate your explanation.

 

 

 

 

  1. Draw the structure of an amino acid.   Draw the structure of a dipeptide, and label the peptide bond.

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Describe the four possible levels of a protein structure, and note the chemical bonding patterns associated with each level of structure.

 

 

 

 

 

  1. How do nucleotides bond to form nucleic acids (polynucleotides, e.g. DNA and RNA)?  Describe at least three differences between the structures of RNA and DNA.

 

 

 

  1.   Draw and label a simple diagram of a molecule of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).  What is the function of ATP?